Financial Support for Mens and Womens Athletics Gender...

Introduction Over time, it has been argued that at the intercollegiate level, female athletes are in one way or another more likely to be subjected to some form of discrimination. In this case, discrimination could either be in terms of funding or participation. In regard to funding, the dominant question asked is; should there be any difference in funding between mens and womens athletics? There is an urgent need to address this and many other questions regarding the advancement of financial support to female and male athletics. Financial Support for Mens and Womens Athletics It has been argued in some quarters that the number of men participating in college athletics is much higher than that of women participating in the same. This can in one way or the other be taken to mean that women are less interested in athletics than their male counterparts. In such a case, advancing equal financial support to both men and women athletics could prove illogical and/or ill advised. According to this point of view, financial support should be directed where participation in athletics is much more intense. If indeed more men show a sustained interest in athletics than women, it therefore follows that mens athletics should receive more in dollar funding than womens athletics. Further, major athletic departments in some colleges have in the opinion of Deardorff and Higgs neglected womens athletics under the assumption that womens sports ¦can not make profits and areShow MoreRelatedWomen s Sexual Discrimination At Academic Institutes1503 Words   |  7 Pagesfrom participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any educational program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance†. The law also prohibits retaliation against an individual who, in good faith, asserts his or her rights under Title IX or other applicable federal laws and state laws prohibiting illegal discrimination. Title IX was established around discrimination based on gender in 1972, and promotes equality between men and women in education. CongressRead MoreTitle Ix And Female Athletes Essay1637 Words   |  7 Pages Title IX is a federal law passed in 1972 guaranteeing girls and women access to equal sports opportunites as boys and men. Ti tle IX in athletics is a very controversial issue that has opened up the world of athletics for millions of women all across the United States. Although it is a win for women athletes, it has created an issue for male athletic programs sufforing from the effects of Title IX. This literary review shows the phenomenon of Title IX and how it affects participation in female sportsRead MoreTaking a Look at Title IX1864 Words   |  7 Pagesthe kitchen and stay at home, but in your heart you are a competitor and have a passion for sports. This is a feeling that many females felt before Title IX; was explicated to give female’s gender equality in sports. Title IX has positively affected women’s sports over the years, but can negatively impact men’s teams, especially within the collegiate field. Title IX has changed budgeting and participation numbers between males and females, while opening up several opportunities for women. I am goingRead MoreNegative Effects of Ti tle Ix1741 Words   |  7 PagesSlowly Killing Men’s Athletics This past June marked the 40th anniversary of Title IX, a United States law stating that no person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving federal financial assistance. Although the wide spectrum in which Title IX covers includes many educational issues, its application to NCAA athletics has especially beenRead MoreThe Women s Movement For Equality1221 Words   |  5 Pagestimes still do not, receive the same level of respect or opportunities as men. Leading up to the 1960’s, women’s primary physical activities were cheerleading and dancing, while the men’s were more geared towards football and basketball. The women’s movement for equality was in the late 1960’s, during which women finally began to have their voices heard by others. As a result of the powerful women’s movement, the Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 was enacted by President Richard Nixon. ThisRead MoreWomen s Role During The Civil Rights Movement1272 Words   |  6 PagesWomen’s status has changed dramatically over the years in the U.S. When the nation was first established, women had no rights. They were not even considered legal citizens until 1868. Their role was being â€Å"in the home,† also known as cooking, cleaning, etc. They had absolutely no power. Women have fought for everything they have achieved in the past and continue to fight today for gender equality. The 1970s were the main part of the women’s revolution; Title IX was born. Before this was madeRead MoreThe Importance Of Equal Pay, Rights And Opportunity For Women Involved With Sports1629 Words   |  7 Pagesthese figures and statistics show similar disparities in all sports with both women and men. Educating the readers, and providing basic knowledge and understanding in regards to equal pay, rights and opportunities for women involved in sports, athletics and leadership. Hopefully, this awareness should provide a foundation to provide more awareness to this matter and eventually attempt to increase the amount of rights and opportunities for women in sports. Are females who are involved with sportsRead More College Sports - Football Scholarships and Womans Sports Essay1351 Words   |  6 Pages This American sport takes a heavy financial toll in colleges everywhere. Just one in four colleges across America make money on their football team (mostly large division I schools). College teams spend millions of dollars stockpiling athletes and struggle to keep pace with rivals. With college football teams soaking up most of the money for transportation, uniforms, and football equipment, the womens teams are having to deal with cut scholarships and womens sporting events. That money drain isRead MoreThe History of Titile IX Essay4884 Words   |  20 Pagesthe nation. In 1972, Title IX was adopted as the landmark legislation for prohibition of gender discrimination in schools, and was signed into law, by President Richard Nixon, on June 23. This legislation encompasses both academics and athletics. Title IX reads: No person in the U.S. shall, on the basis of sex be excluded from participation in, or denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any educational program or activity receiving federal aid. Since 1972, many attemptsRead MoreTitle Ix Essay1613 Words   |  7 Pageshas accomplished, it brought along different controv ersies with it. The history of Title IX has shown tremendous changes in womens athletics. It has created a whole new revolutionary view and thought on both genders abilities and rights. Title IX has changed programs and athletics for women in the U.S. ever since its establishment. Christine Grant, the womens athletic director at the University of Iowa says: ‘Its clearly the most important thing that has ever happened to women in sports in

Exercise And Severe Major Depression - 876 Words

Andrew Rud KIN 3982 Research Article Critique Two Schuch, F.B., Vasconcelos-Moreno, M. P., Borowsky, C., Zimmermann, A. B., Rocha, N. S., Fleck, M. P. (2015). Exercise and severe major depression: Effect on symptom severity and quality of life at discharge in an inpatient cohort. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 61(2), 25-32. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.11.005 The objective of the article was to determine if there was an increase benefit to the addition of aerobic exercise to standard care for the treatment of major depressive disorder. The authors examined the effects of aerobic exercise and standard care versus standard care alleviating symptoms of major depressive disorder. The analyzed results revealed aerobic exercise and standard care had a further reduction of symptoms compared to standard care; however, there was no significant difference in remission or response rates between the two groups. The researches concluded that aerobic exercise was a benefit when added to standard care. The background of considering why to further the research on major depressive disorder was clear and informative. The authors defined the limitations of the standard care of current antidepressants and electroconvulsive therapy and expressed the importance of discovering a more effective and safe way of treating major depressive disorder. Given exercise h as been associated with a moderate effect on symptom reduction in major depression, the researchers elected toShow MoreRelatedMost Common Type Of Depression1470 Words   |  6 Pages People with depression are often times suffering from a chemical misbalance in the brain, lacking in either their dopamine or serotonin levels, which in result, leads to people suffering from depression to feel the sadness they do. Depression is a disorder and takes on many different forms. The first and most common type of depression is called major depression, which is considered to be, â€Å"severe symptoms that interfere with your ability to work, sleep, study, eat, and enjoy life. An episode canRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Depression1353 Words   |  6 Pagessometimes without any apparent reason. Depression is more than just a low mood, it s a serious illness that has an impact on both physical and mental health’ (beyondblue, 2014). Depression affects almost everyone once in their life-time. There is more than one type of depression: ‘major depression, chronic depression, and bipolar disorder/manic depression’ (Carson, 2014). ‘Symptoms can range from relatively minor (but still disabling) through to very severe, so it is beneficial to be aware of theRead MoreEssay On Clinical Depression1487 Words   |  6 PagesAmericans suffer from clinical depression each year. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) (2017), 322 million people are affected by depression around the world. Concerning industrialized Western world countries, it remains as the number one psychological disorder affecting its population (WHO, 2017). Most clinicians begin primarily with prescribing either pharmacologic or psychotherapy interventions. With billions of dollars spent in revue on treating depression (Chisholm, Sweeny, and SheehanRead MoreThings that Cause Depression Essay1513 Words   |  7 PagesDepression I chose this topic because I noticed something different about myself and I was always sad, so I wanted to learn about depression. Depression is being sad, blue, unhappy, and miserable or down in the dumps. Depression can be broken into two categories: Major and minor. There are many causes, signs and symptoms, and treatment for depression. There is not an actual cause for depression, but scientists have some assumptions on how depression is caused. Depression can be caused biologicalRead MorePostpartum Depression : Symptoms And Symptoms Essay1544 Words   |  7 Pagespostpartum depression. There are three levels of postpartum depression: baby blues, postpartum depression, and psychosis. Symptoms include feelings of sadness, anxiety, hopelessness, fatigue, and a lack of motivation to do pleasurable things. For women with the second level, the disorder interferes with their ability to function. On the extreme end, psychosis, women experience confusion, hallucinations, paranoia, and thoughts of hurting themselves or their baby. Postpartum depression affects 1 inRead MoreDepression Essay : Depression : The Causes Of Depression893 Words   |  4 PagesDepression Depression affects many people in today’s society for a number of reasons. Depression is a serious disorder, numerous people are affected by it. However, there are places to go that give help that people with depression need. To begin, depression is a disorder that affects a great deal of people. According to Mayo Clinic, â€Å"Depression is a mood disorder that causes a persistent feeling of sadness and loss of interest† (â€Å"Overview,† n.d.). There are many causes to why people have depressionRead MoreMajor Depressive Disorder ( Mdd )1428 Words   |  6 PagesMajor Depressive Disorder is defined as a â€Å"moderate-to-severe mood disorder in which a person experiences only major depressive episodes but no hypomanic, manic, or mixed episodes† (Butcher, Hooley, Mineka, 2014, p. 618). Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is also referred to Major Depression. MDD is also â€Å"characterized by a combination of symptoms that interfere with a person’s ability to work, sleep, study, eat, and enjoy once-pleasurable activities. Major depression is disabling and prevents aRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of The Depression Essay1337 Words   |  6 PagesClinical depression is a disease that affects many people, ranging from children to elderly adults. Depression is a scary word to many and conjures up ugly, stereotypical images of people being sad all the time and wanting to kill themselves. Depression is treatable, but the same method of treatment will not be effective on every patient. Many people suffering from depression question whether they are actually depressed or just having a bad day. Often times, a person who believes they are sufferingRead MoreAlternative Medicines For Complementary And Integrative Health1561 Words   |  7 PagesMental Illness stated that 16 million adults deal with depression each year (â€Å"Mental†). Depression is a common mental health disorder that people can acquire in today’s society. There are many forms of depression that exist ranging from mild to very severe. Some of those forms include major depression, seasonal affective disorder, postpartum depression, psychotic depression, dysthymia, and bipolar disorder . Many individuals with depression try to treat their illness by relying on antidepressantsRead MoreSymptoms of Depression981 Words   |  4 PagesDepression is not only a state of being sad, it is a disease that conquers the ability to feel emotion, whether good or bad, whatsoever. Depression not only involves the mind, it also involves the body and thoughts. Depression is not a disease that only influences males or children of the age three to eleven. Every human being is prone to depression. Although women are three times more likely to become depressed than men, men are five times more likely to commit suicide when depressed than women

Potential of Psychometric Meta-Analysis †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Potential of Psychometric Meta Analysis. Answer: Introduction: I am constructing this reflection in order to have an understanding of the aims and objectives that would be helpful for me in enhancing my career. The key motive that I have in mind is to bring in all the insights and experiences that I have learned during my MBA Course within the actual life when performing as the Office Manager and the Staff Expert for my company. The incorporation of these knowledge and experience is helpful in developing my professional and performance goals. My personal and the professional goal involves getting my PhD done in order to teach in universities and the personal goal is to leave Kuwait and thereafter migrate to Canada. These goals have been chosen because of the fact that in order to have a much better and developed career it is essential to get a PhD so that I can have extensive knowledge about my genre and thereafter construct plans and policies that would be helpful in bringing in various innovative and significant changes, which would be helpful in improving the human resource practices globally. The second goal is selected as it is my childhood dream to go and settle in Canada and furthermore, there are various universities that are available in Canada who provides the PhD course that I desire to complete. There are numerous universities in Canada who are renowned for offering extensive Human Resource based courses and undertaking a PhD course from these universities would not only fulfil my desire to study in Canada but even have a degree that would be beneficial and development of my career in future. The goals that have been selected are both vital for my future because of the fact that receiving the PhD degree is essential so that I would be able to teach in universities and convey my knowledge and experiences that I have gathered from my MBA course. The sharing of knowledge and the experiences that I have gained from my MBA course to the future aspirants would be develop the future students and they would be able to bring in changes in these experiences according to time in order to create a better and the enhanced human resource practices and plans. The next objective is even important for my career and future development because of the fact that I can complete my PhD from one of the best universities and thereafter start teaching in one of the finest universities in Canada and this would be helpful in fulfilling my dream of settling in Canada. The completion of the PhD would enhance my value as an individual because of the fact that I would be receiving a doctorate degree and would be receiving respect from others. I always wanted to receive the PhD degree and therefore this would fulfil my personal value. On the other hand, after the attainment of PhD I would be eligible to teach in several universities and I even have the option of doing a job, which would be providing me adequate salary and even be helpful in enhancing my career development. The completion of the PhD will be helpful for me in creating and constructing new and innovative plans and policies in order to improve the relationship among the employees within the organization and even assist the management of any organization to undertake precise and effective decisions for the wellbeing of the concerned organization. The goal of migrating to Canada has a personal value associated to it as well as migrating to Canada is a childhood dream of mine and in accordance to Kuwait there are much bigger scope and opportunities for me as there are several renowned universities that are available in Canada. The professional value associated to this goal is that it would be helpful for me in fulfilling my dream of teaching in universities. Furthermore, I even have the scope of doing a job if I require later on in life. Canada is a much more developed country than Kuwait and the career I wish for can be attained only after I migrate to Canada. The initial goal that I have constructed to complete my PhD and teaching in universities would be helpful in sharing my ideas, experiences and knowledge to the young aspirants. The young students are who are aspiring on the same topic are in need of newer ideas and experiences in order to enhance their knowledge base and therefore by sharing my knowledge and the teachings that I have received from my MBA courses would be helpful to the students to gain an idea about how to maintain cordial relationship among the employees and management within an organization, assisting the management in undertaking decisions, satisfying the employees in making them understand why such decisions have been taken and even training the employees in an effective manner in the practical level. The positive and negative experiences that I have faced in my professional and practical life will even be conveyed to the students so that they become aware of these circumstances and do not commit the same mistake s that I have committed. The advent of time brings in newer and innovative ideas and thereby the students would be able to blend the newer ideas with the older ones in order to construct a plan or policy that would be influential in accordance to the future human resource practices. This is how I can act as an agent of positive social change and thereby would be assisting the community, society and organization. The incorporation of positive change is important globally in order to create a better and healthier working environment so that all the employees along with the management would be satisfied on their level and would be able to bring out their optimum level of performance that would be helpful in developing the domestic and the global economy. On the attainment of the goal, I would be able to satisfy my personal value, which is to fulfil my dream and have a much better career and career development. Career development is one of my key desires and being able to complete my PhD would help in developing new ideas and notions on human resource management. Being able to contribute to a better human resource management practice would be an honor for me and spreading the knowledge that I have attained from my MBA course to the aspiring students would be satisfying me internally as I would be happy that have I have been able to help the society. The professional value that I would be receiving after attaining the goal would involve the being able to teach in the university and be able to spread my experiences and knowledge to the students and answer all their queries and grievances so that they would have a strong grip on the subject. I want to become an efficient mentor for my students so that they can come down to me whenever they require. By completing PhD course, I would be able to gain more effective theoretical and practical knowledge on human resource practices and management and by blending the knowledge from my MBA course with the knowledge gathered from the PhD course, I can create a new theory or plan that can bring forth positive changes in human resource management programs. I have the dream of getting my PhD done and migrating to Canada will assist me in completing my PhD from a renowned university and developing my career to the next level, which will not be possible if I remain in Kuwait. The goals are in relation to the resources I have learned in my course as getting my PhD done would mean that I would be able to implement the knowledge on understanding the relationship between the management and the employees in an effective manner and even gain an understanding of the knowledge and the experiences that can be used for the purpose of making new and positive decisions with respect to the human resource management and their practices within an organization and even in the minds of the students. The goal of migrating to Canada is related to gaining knowledge about a new culture and understand the similarities and the differences so that I can undertake a comparison of the culture that is existent in Kuwait and the culture present in Canada. Accordingly, I can create a new plan and policy with the help of which better human resource plans and policies can be constructed. In my MBA course, we have been taught to always strive for gaining new knowledge and ideas so that one can implement the same and create a better working environment. Hence, completing my PhD and even migrating to Canada would be helpful for attaining new ideas, knowledge and experiences. My first goal is to complete my PhD and teach in universities and in order to do the same, I need to apply in various universities and even maintain my last semester result in a manner so that I would be able to meet the cut-off marks for applying for PhD courses. In order to migrate to Canada, I need to apply for visa and even analyze and compare the courses that are offered by the universities in Canada so that I can select the best university for completing my PhD course. The objectives are effective enough in justifying the goals because of the fact that in order to teach in universities, I need to have extensive knowledge about my subject so that I can teach the students properly. By applying for the PhD course initially, I would be able to join the course and thereafter complete the course in an effective manner. I need to apply for the visa after I get selected in a university because if I dont apply for the visa I will not be eligible for going to Canada. The attainment of the goals is according to the lessons learned in the MBA course and thereby would be able to create an effective career for me. Bibliography Albrecht, S. L., Bakker, A. B., Gruman, J. A., Macey, W. H., Saks, A. M. (2015). Employee engagement, human resource management practices and competitive advantage: An integrated approach.Journal of Organizational Effectiveness: People and Performance,2(1), 7-35. Amarakoon, U., Weerawardena, J., Verreynne, M. L. (2016). Learning capabilities, human resource management innovation and competitive advantage.The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 1-31. Cooke, F. L., Saini, D. S., Wang, J. (2014). Talent management in China and India: A comparison of management perceptions and human resource practices.Journal of World Business,49(2), 225-235. Deery, M., Jago, L. (2015). Revisiting talent management, work-life balance and retention strategies.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,27(3), 453-472. Jackson, S. E., Schuler, R. S., Jiang, K. (2014). An aspirational framework for strategic human resource management.The Academy of Management Annals,8(1), 1-56. Kramar, R. (2014). Beyond strategic human resource management: is sustainable human resource management the next approach?.The International Journal of Human Resource Management,25(8), 1069-1089. Nkomo, S., Hoobler, J. M. (2014). A historical perspective on diversity ideologies in the United States: Reflections on human resource management research and practice.Human Resource Management Review,24(3), 245-257. Ones, D. S., Viswesvaran, C., Schmidt, F. L. (2017). Realizing the full potential of psychometric meta-analysis for a cumulative science and practice of human resource management.Human Resource Management Review,27(1), 201-215. Paill, P., Chen, Y., Boiral, O., Jin, J. (2014). The impact of human resource management on environmental performance: An employee-level study.Journal of Business Ethics,121(3), 451-466. Sheehan, M. (2014). Human resource management and performance: Evidence from small and medium-sized firms.International Small Business Journal,32(5), 545-570. Stone, D. L., Deadrick, D. L., Lukaszewski, K. M., Johnson, R. (2015). The influence of technology on the future of human resource management.Human Resource Management Review,25(2), 216-231. Woodrow, C., Guest, D. E. (2014). When good HR gets bad results: Exploring the challenge of HR implementation in the case of workplace bullying.Human Resource Management Journal,24(1), 38-56.

Martins Textile Essay Example

Martins Textile Paper MARTIN’S TEXTILES Summary: This case is about the dilemma facing by John Martin, the CEO of Martin Textiles, a New York based textiles company. On August 2, 1992, which the day that the U. S. , Canada, and Mexico agreed in principle to the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). Martin Textiles is a family business over four generation, which was started by Johns great-grandfather in 1910. Today, the company employs 1,500 people in three New York facilities. Johns dilemma, which is particularly troublesome to him because he feels a sense of loyalty to his companys longtime employees, is this. NAFTA will remove all tariffs on the trade of textiles between the U. S. , Canada, and Mexico within 10 years. Textiles manufacturing is a low-skilled, labor-intensive business. As a result, the simple economics of the industry suggests that the under the auspices of NAFTA, the majority of textile manufacturing in the U. S. will move to Mexico, where wage rates are considerably lower than in the U. S. When he first realized the full implications of the NAFTA agreement, John thought to himself, My God! Now Im going to have to decide about moving my plants to Mexico. John dilemma is how to cope with this realization. If he moves his plants to Mexico, hell have to let go many of his loyal employees. If he doesnt move, he risks going out of business. Case Discussion Question: 1. What are the economic costs and benefits to Martin’s Textiles of shifting production to Mexico? Answer: The benefit for Martin’s Textiles moving to Mexico is whereby wages rate pay to the labour can be much lower than before and then might lead lower cost of production. We will write a custom essay sample on Martins Textile specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Martins Textile specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Martins Textile specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer It can give chance for Martin’s Textiles to compete with the other business competitor which ran in the same industries. 2. What are the social costs and benefits to Martin’s Textiles of shifting production to Mexico? Anwer: The benefit is Martin’s Textiles may satisfy the needs and maintain the loyalthy by his customers because the company giving low price of product where all his customers may affordable to buy it. 3. Are the economic and social costs and benefits of moving production to mexico independent of each other? Anwer: No, it is dependent to each other. Both economic and social perspective in Martin’s Textiles have the same objectives towards its goals of business. When Martin’s Textile can provide lower cost of products and yet maintain it product’s quality, it might encourage its customers to stay loyal to use and buy its products. 4. What seems to be the most ethical action? Anwer: The most ethical action is where Martin may move to Mexico by bring together his existing young labour at United States. While his loyal labour who have worked with his company for long years can stay with the company that situated in United States which their duty is like in sales force, design function and some management function seem they are already had lots of experience since started working with the company. 5. What would you do if you were John Martin? Anwer: In my opinion, for the sack of maintaining the business of four generation, I would rather moves to Mexico. As one of the characteristic of being a business man is must be brave and being risks taker. So, I would try to run the business in the new environment with the different types of approach in leading the business. In Mexico, the cost of labour is cheaper. I must take that as an opportunity. The cost of product that will be market might be reduced and will attract the customers to buy. When the cost of product is lower, it have the opportunity to compete with other product in the market. Besides, in order to improve the labour productivity in Mexico, I would give bonus to those labour who show the best performance in the company. The bonus will attract the labours to work harder and increase their effort to compete each others where it makes the production of the company growing up. While in United States, to those who already worked with the company in long period, I will asked them to choose either want to work in Mexico or United States. If they choose to work in United States, then they would be in the position of design function and other management duty, not in the production anymore. Besides, as a token of appreciation from the company, those who have worked for long period with the company will be given a compensation.

Dont Ask, Dont Tell Policy essays

Dont Ask, Dont Tell Policy essays The Dont Ask, Dont Tell policy of the armed forces should be enforced as to prevent personnel from not accomplishing a mission due to an interruption of morale. This policy is actually a compromise concerning the service of gays and lesbians in the United States military. In 1993, President Bill Clinton attempted to overturn the then-existing policy which mandated the immediate discharge of any military personnel found to be homosexual (Dont 2001). Although Clinton had significant support by gay rights advocates, the move was strongly opposed by the majority of military, political and religious leaders (Dont 2001). Thus, the compromise policy was agreed upon which allows homosexuals to serve as long as their sexual preferences are not openly declared and they do not engage in any homosexual activities (Dont 2001). Furthermore, military authorities must not actively seek out gay and lesbian service members (Dont 2001). The Dont Ask, Dont Tell, Dont Pursue policy ignited heated debates concerning gays and lesbians in the military. Before 1993, one of the questions on the militarys enlistment contract was Are you a homosexual, and if anyone answered yes, they were immediately disqualified (Conan 2003). Moreover, should military personnel discovered to be homosexual are in violation of the Uniform Code of Military Justice (Conan 2003). According to Title 10 U.S.C. # 654, unit cohesion is one of the most critical elements in combat capability. In other words, the bonds of trust among individual service members that make the combat effectiveness of a military unit greater than the sum of the combat effectiveness of the individual unit members (Policy 2006). The military community exists as a specialized society with its own laws, rules, customs, and traditions, including numerous restrictions on p...

A Dolls House Essays

A Dolls House Essays A Dolls House Essay A Dolls House Essay Miss Julies struggle against the societial expectations of her time can be compared to that of another female character of modern drama, namely Nora in Ibsens A Dolls House. Nora believed in her ability to realize her true self, but it relied on her escaping her home, which represents the trap of her loveless marriage. Noras own psychological struggle is also referenced to the arrangement of the set. Similar to Miss Julie, the dramatic activity throughout A Dolls House is focused entirely on the one room (with four doors) that is visible on stage. The set creates a visual correspondence that communicates the essential dramatic idea of the work: Nora is sheltered from the outside world in her fantasy doll house. Early in the play, Ibsen defines the space onstage as Noras: Is that my little lark twittering out there? 2 Helmer calls from his room in the opening lines of Act I. This simple line not only identifies the space on stage as Noras, but Helmers allusion to the lark further suggests that Noras life is much like a bird cage protected, confined within the boundaries of her home. Noras space thus defined, certain actions take on a symbolic context of meanings. We notice that Nora always keeps the doors leading to the other rooms closed, except when there is motion through them; for example, Nora is able to bolt the door shut to Helmers study, she takes the children out of the living area when Krogstad enters, so in a sense she has control as it relates to people invading her space. Her life in her dolls house is thus defined by the stage space, so when her life is interrupted, so is this space. For instance, Krogstads entrance through a door left ajar upsets her, unleashing the sequence of events that determines her departure. Ibsens stage directions read: Meanwhile there has been a knock at the hall door The door is half open and Krogstad appears. 3 Ibsen emphasizes the fact that the door through which Krogstad makes his unsolicited entrance had been left open and Noras life susceptible to intrusion, leaving her in a disquieted state of mind. Noras psychological struggle is further emphasized by Ibsen through the use of the Christmas tree, which aside from its use as a conventional indicator of the passage of time serves as a visual representation of Noras emotional turmoil. Soon after Krogstads visit, Nora tries to set aside the eminent threat to the destruction of her doll house by asking the maid to bring in the tree, and place it in the middle of the floor. She is confident that her home and her family must come first before any legal matter. The audience recognizes the tree as a powerful symbol representing family security and happiness, set defiantly in the center of the stage to dominate it, as if its mere presence is sufficient to banish Noras troubles. As Nora begins to dress the tree, she states: A candle here and flowers here -. The horrible man! Its all nonsense theres nothing wrong. The Tree shall be splendid! I will do everything I can to please you, Torvald! 4 Thus, the tree is the visual representation of Noras blind conviction that things will be fine, merely because she says so. However, the opening of Act II presents a very different atmosphere. In the opening stage directions, Ibsen indicates that The Christmas tree is in the corner by the piano, stripped of its ornaments and with burnt-down candle-ends on its disheveled branches. 5 One soon realizes that Nora finds herself in a greatly altered state of mind. At this point, she has become fully conscious of the reality of Krogstads threat, and she loses hope that she will succeed she is terrified. The family gaiety and happiness is spoiled, and she dares not play with the children. Whereas before, the Christmas tree dominated the stage, in Act II, when the curtain goes up, the tree has been stripped of its ornaments, and it has been pushed in a corner of the room a very fitting symbol of dejection. In Act III, there is an implication that the Christmas tree is no longer present, foreshadowing Noras shocking decision to leave her family. The act opens in the same scene, however there is no mention of the Christmas tree, which develops the symbolism one step further, seeing as the scandalous rezolution can be clearly foreseen at this point. Similarly, Strindberg utilizes prop pieces to expose Jeans psychological struggle; however, unlike Ibsens dynamic prop pieces, which change in appearance and position with the advancement of the plot, Strindberg uses several objects that remain static throughout the duration of the play. This technique is employed in portraying the Count, whose powerful presence and influence over the characters is represented mostly by scenographic means: the ringing bell and speaking tube that mediate his orders, as well as his riding boots. At the beginning of the play, Strindbergs stage directions read as follows: Jean enters, dressed in livery and carrying a pair of large riding boots, with spurs, which he puts down on the floor where they remain clearly visible. 6 Strindbergs insistence that the boots remain visible throughout the play is meant to symbolize the Counts omnipresence in the house as well as his supreme power over the characters. Jean, in particular is tormented by the counts invisible presence. Throughout the play, Jean expresses an avid desire to climb up from his social position. There are numerous power shifts between Jean and Miss Julie throughout the play, however, in the end, both end up in submission to the Count, who is both father and master. The superiority Jean gains in relation to Julie immediately founders when he is reminded of the Count, which causes him to acknowledge his inferior position in society. At one point, he exclaims: I only have to see his gloves lying on a chair, and I feel so small I only have to hear that bell up there, and I start like a frightened horse and now, when I see his boots standing there so high and mighty, it sends a shiver down my spine! [kicks the boots] 7 At this point, Jean has just shared his plans for starting a hotel abroad with Julie. He talks about his dreams of buying a title in Romania and becoming a Count. However, as soon as Julie makes any mention of the Count or his house, Jean becomes insecure and disquieted because he realizes that he is still just a mere servant despite his many ambitious plans for the future. Thus, although often undermined when reading a play, scenography is a vital component of dramaturgy; it unleashes a powerful vocabulary spoken by space and props, which act to convey ideas and define character in their own right. As was shown above, both Ibsen and Strindbergs careful attention to visual detail uncovers an entirely new dimension of the work, exposing many metaphoric parallels between the scenography and the psychology of the characters. The scenographic dimension of a drama is one of the key ones that enables the audience to interpret the private world of the fictional heroes the physical surroundings of the heroes functioning as objectifications of their inner world, and as such, acting as a window through which the audience can understand the internal struggle of the characters. A Dolls House Essays A Dolls House Paper A Dolls House Paper In my opinion, of the three terms given for us to define, feminism suits this play best.It applies to the play only in the sense that Nora, the female figure in the play, is oppressed.Henrik Ibsen;s A Doll;s House shows how a housewife is sent over the edge by her oppressed position.The action she takes exposes a hideous side of human nature.It takes the female character, Nora,and uses her as the doll in which the house belongs to, but she does not have any power over the house. The society at the time of A Doll;s House was driven almost exclusively by males.The man and wife had clearly defined roles.The man was the provider who worked during the day and rested at night.The wife had to run the homestead.She was responsible for the children and the house, but her influence on any major decisions was minimal. In the play Nora is thrown into dire circumstances.When her husband was sick she gathered a sum of money to help finance a recuperating trip.She decided to take the initiative of getting the funds, but her role in society permitted her from attaining the cash.She was dependent on a male to vouch for her, and instead of bothering her dying father she forged his signature.This act would definitely come back to haunt her. The whole fiasco led Nora to question her position within the household.She realizes that she is nothing more than a ;doll; for her father and her husband.Without their status she cannot act alone.Her whole life has been for other;s benefit and the only thing she can do to declare her independence and to make the rest of the world acknowledge her identity is to kill herself.That way she can overcome the oppressive male or male characters. In more recent times people have begun to become A Dolls House Essays A Dolls House Paper A Dolls House Paper Essay Topic: A Dolls House In the play ;A Doll House; by Henrik Ibsen, the author chooses two very unique characters to play Nora and Torvald.He sets them up in a marriage relationship, which is somewhat unrealistic in today;s standards of marriage.Nora plays a weak wife in a relationship where her every action is dominated by her husband, yet she plays along to keep him happy. Torvald is a wealthy man that controls his wife in everything that she does and in his mind believes that she is truthful about everything with him.These two characters provide for conflict although Nora stands for her husband;s abuse until she can;t take it anymore. Throughout the entire play, Torvald plays the role of the dominant character in his marriage to Nora.Nora is a delicate character and she puts up with Torvald for eight years.However, when she finally realizes his insensitivity, she knows she must leave him.One example of Torvald;s dominance over Nora, occurs when he forbids Nora to have any macaroons in the house, even though she really enjoyed them.Also, when they were going to the costume party he picked out her outfit in almost the same way a parent would treat a child.This demonstrates the one-sided nature of the marriage and household.Through everyday conversation, Nora and Torvald reveal that they have a relationship filled with meaningless talk and games, such as ;Is that my squirrel rummaging around?.;Whenever Torvald seeks Nora she comes to him as a puppy would go to their master; she is his puppet.Their relationship is empty even though they act like a normal couple when they are around others. When they are alone Torvald dominates everything that happens.While from the outside the household may have the appearance of being socially acceptable, the marriage of Torvald and Nora was falling apart because of the lack of identity, love, and communication.Nora is a woman that relied

Detection masses in digital mammography images using neural networks Thesis

Detection masses in digital mammography images using neural networks - Thesis Example In film screen mammography, special films and intensifying screens are used to detect breast cancer. FSM provides high quality images at low radiation doses (DeFelice 2002, p. 12). Denise and Farleigh (2005) assert, â€Å"The major limitation of traditional mammography is that the film serves simultaneously as the image receptor, display medium, and long term storage medium for the image†. Digital mammography makes use of solid-state detectors in order to display images of breasts on the computer screen. Denise and Farleigh (2005) found that separation of image acquisition, image processing, and display to be one of the principal advantages of digital imaging system. Digital mammography also makes use of CAD (Computer-Aided Detection), which assists the physicians in image interpretation. Mass detection in mammograms refers to the detection of those groups of cells that cause breast cancer. Bick and Diekmann (2010, p.100) found that sensitivity to be not high enough in mass detection. Computer-aided detection system, cellular neural networks, a two-stage hybrid classification network, and some other techniques can be used for mass detection. Bruynooghe (2006), in an article, found that in case of hybrid network, an unsupervised classifier is used to examine suspicious opacities, and then some supervised interpretation rules are applied to reduce false detections. Cellular neural networks play a vital role in mass detection. Kupinski and Giger (2002) showed in a research that features extracted from potential lesion areas are sent through a neural network to decide whether the area is a true lesion or a false detection. Using CAD as a system for image interpretation is very facilitating for the physicians. However, some researchers suggest improvements in the current CAD technology. One of those suggestions includes development of a CAD system with increased ability to detect actual abnormalities instead of marking

Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Personal Statement Example My relatives were involved in animal farming and that inspired me more to learn towards their welfare care. With age and time, the sense of responsibility to take care of these vulnerable creatures grew. So in accord with my parents, I brought sick stray animals home to nurse and after healing, I would make sure to find suitable homes for them. At a young age of eight, I decided to be a vegetarian and went against the grain to protect animals. My desire spawned to become a veterinarian when I witnessed an animal violence incident on a family trip abroad. My family and I were on a horse carriage admiring the ancient Egyptian monuments. Suddenly the horseman whipped the poor creature so brutally that I started weeping and demanded him to hand his whip to me to prevent further cruelty. This particular incident made the yearning to be a veterinarian more apparent. My compassion for animals and enthusiasm to learn veterinary medicine increased over time as I witnessed more examples of ins ensitivity and cruelty in South America, East Asia, and the Middle East. My family background as healthcare professionals aspired me persistently to peruse my ambition in veterinary medicine. My father, as a role model, set his priority to see the unprivileged patients at a free clinic before going to his own clinic for earning purpose. My mother, as a pharmacist, perused her doctorate diligently to begin a career in pharmacy. Living with such dedicated health care professionals, I was able to determine my aim and would opt to learn more to it through higher education. My eagerness to explore the veterinary field further flourished when I began volunteering at animal hospitals to have a closer look at the challenges involved, which intrigued me more. The whole experience of working towards the betterment of animals made me learn the importance of responsibility of handling life threatening problems. Initially I learned how to restrain them during normal procedures, stitching of cuts , simple check-ups and monitoring an animal under anaesthesia. However, one of my memorable experiences was counting the babies of a pregnant dog in an X-ray sheet. This image represented the miracle of life that strengthened my aim in supporting it. Volunteer work enabled me to monitor and learn a variety of veterinary care that improved animal health and quality of life. I observed peculiarly while veterinarians briefed the animal owner on preventive care, performed various surgical procedures such as spays and neuters, placed catheters, and administered vaccinations. I observed with wonder as life was sustained against the odds, and also as it was tragically ended out of necessity. My rewarding experiences convinced me that veterinary medicine was the ideal field for me. I am confident that I have the intellectual aptitude, awareness of work ethic, physical capability, personal strength in pressurizing moments and motivating intentions to excel in veterinary medicine. As a former top-performing competitive gymnast, I am a disciplined, strong-willed individual, who can face the hurdles and bottlenecks of education and career. Due to my passion for veterinary medicine, I have been steadfast in my career choice despite years of family pressure to become a physician. Furthermore, extensive experience in medical settings, including six years at a cosmetic surgery office, has developed my interpersonal and communication skills. I have also demonstrated strong organizational and leadership skills through my efforts for the

Compare the presentation of love within the three sonnets studied Essay Example for Free

Compare the presentation of love within the three sonnets studied Essay The three sonnets that I studied were, How do I love thee? by Elizabeth Barret-Browning, Let me not to the marriage of true minds by William Shakespeare and Since theres no help let us kiss and part by Michael Drayton. Of these three there are numerous differences and similarities. It is known that at the time of writing her sonnet, Elizabeth Barret-Browning was happily married to Robert Browning, but without the consent of her father. They moved to Italy where she began to use the Petrachan form of sonnet. At the time when William Shakespeare wrote he was known to have already established himself as an actor and playwright and was working for the leading company, the Lords Chamberlains Men. In Draytons sonnet we see that he was a contemporary of Shakespeare, this poem comes from a long sequence of sonnets called Ideas Mirror. These sonnets were all inspired by his unrequited love for Anne Goodere, although he himself never married. As with Shakespeare his use of personification is extremely effective. Although their styles differ all three poets are speaking of their love for another person. Elizabeth Barret-Browning writes to her husband and as a women writing, it is written in a tender and soft tone. Her language and style used is incredibly dramatic. To begin with Browning presents her love to her husband in a very private and loving way. She uses language and expressions like; I love thee to the depth and breadth and height My soul can reach, Browning writes from a female point of view and wants to make a commitment to her husband. The ideas of love in the three sonnets differ, as Draytons love is unrequited and he is not writing in a reality, he has no one to write to. With Browning we know that she is writing to her husband and making a dedication to him. She writes in a serious yet, immensely loving form, we can tell from reading her sonnet that her husband is her life and the love she feels for him is described as endless. We see that Shakespeare writes in an incredibly confident manner, he is not writing to a person, as such, so his style differs from that of Browning or Drayton. Shakespeares sonnet is an explanation of love, he writes in his opinion and of how love can conquer all. As we know that Browning is a woman, her style and tenderness differs terribly from that of Drayton and Shakespeare. Draytons intention in his sonnet is to try and win over his idol of love, Anne Goodere. His efforts are useless and in his sonnet he says he wished to make himself free, so we can see that he does not enjoy the love he feels for Anne and wishes to be free of it. The name of his sonnet being, Since theres no help, come let us kiss and part. Meaning since they can no longer resist each other, let us have one kiss and part each others company. He does achieve what hes trying to do, as when reading this I truly understood how he felt, he was trying to depart from this love. Drayton goes onto say: And I am glad, yea, glad with all my heart, That thus so cleanly I myself can free. He means that now, after this kiss, he is glad, extremely glad that he can get over the possessive love he once felt for her. We can clearly see that Brownings intentions are to make it perfectly clear to her husband and tell him exactly how she feels about him. She achieves this brilliantly and by her use of such outrageous, yet hooking lines, detailed with words and phrases such as, death, she produces her amazing sonnet: -and, if God choose, I shall but love thee better after death. She talks of her after life and hopes that she will be allowed to spend it with him. Shakespeare intends to convince and tell every one of his thoughts on love, he is so confident that he is correct and that everyone will agree with him that he ends his sonnet with the rhyming couplet; If this be error and upon me provd, I never writ, nor no man ever lovd. Thus showing that if this sonnet is wrong and proved to be then he never writ it and noone ever loved. This can also be interpreted as Shakespeare being cocky, he is quite sure of himself and the accuracy of his sonnet that he is willing to make an extreme statement. The general tone of Brownings sonnet is a heart felt, true expression of her love for her husband, she counts the numerous ways of how she feels and lines such as; With my lost saints, I love thee with the breath, Smiles, tears, of all my life! Showing that she loves him with the most powerful feelings of all she has experienced in her life, her tears and smiles and the breaths she take each day. This differs from Shakespeare as he has a general confident manner and is stating the feelings and meanings of love. He uses personification in the lines; Loves not Times fool, though rosy lips and cheeks Within his bending sickles compass come; Love alters not with his brief hours and weeks, But bears it out even to the edge of doom. Meaning that love is not timed, it has no schedule of when to begin and cease, but reaches until the end, when death occurs. Love does not change over hours and weeks it stays constant until the brink of Judgement Day, death is it only let out. He shows how love, if true, will stay with the lovers until death. Compared to Brownings and Shakespeares general tone, Drayton does not use the powerful and heart felt tone that Browning does, neither does he state a general meaning for love, as with Shakespeare. He seems to tell a story, or rather a tale, which he longs to happen between him and the one he loves, his love is not returned. He knows this and so at the end of his sonnet he uses the rhyming couplet; Now if thou wouldst, when all have given him over. From death to life thou mightst him yet recover. This tells us that Drayton is willing to wait for his love, saying that if they ever change their mind, eh will be there waiting for them. He uses the form of a dramatic monologue and therefore does achieve a passionate sonnet. Shakespeare uses the rhyming form of abab cdcd efef gg. This enhances his poem and the rhyming couplet at the end of the sonnet changes the tone right at the end. This is effective and can give a totally different meaning. This structure gives his sonnet a flow and the language used works perfectly. We can see that his presentation of love and the way it is structured means that Shakespeare is an extremely experienced poet and writer. Browning uses Petrachan form in her sonnet and gives it the rhyming form of abbaabba cdcdcd, this is also known as an eight line section, known as the octave, followed by a six line section, known as the sestet. There is also a break in the thought and tone of the sonnet between these two parts. With Drayton his structure shows us that he was around at the same time as Shakespeare and uses the same rhyming scheme and couplet to finish. This again proves to be very effective and leaves the extra statement of the end to seal the sonnet to his love. All three of the sonnets are extremely original and all excellent. However, Browning seems to use the most powerful structure, source and form as it is written purely from her heart. All three sonnets flow very exceedingly well and have a good structure behind them. In comparison to Shakespeare, Brownings use of structure is the most varied. It lends itself well to her meaning and rhyming such lines as; I love thee to the depth and bredth and height My soul can reach, when feeling out of sight Just increases the exaggeration of the rhyme, the meaning is therefore exerted and we find ourselves wanting to reach on. Shakespeare use of rhyme in alternate lines is also effective and lends itself well to his language and style used. The words fixed and wandring are designed specially for this sonnet, as there must be ten syllables and 5 stresses in a Shakespearian sonnet. Shakespeares use of language does not differ very much from Drayton as they were written around a particular period. Although in Draytons sonnet he is infact talking of getting rid of love and how he will feel after it has gone, he seems to want to be relieved of the feelin, Shakespeare however is talking of how great love is and how it does not alter. In comparison Brownings sonnet is the most different out of all three in her presentation of love. Her compassionate tone and kindhearted comments rule over he sonnet and seem to guide her to all correct places of describing. The effectiveness that Shakespeare, Browning and Drayton all have is one to make us all want to experience love. The three very different sonnets are similar in their presentation of love, as they all enjoy it, apart from Drayton who now wants to be free of the hold it has on him. But as we can learn from Shakespeare, Drayton may find it hard to do so.

Free Essays - The Merchant of Venice is Far from Perfect :: Free Merchant of Venice Essays

Auden's Dystopia The Merchant of Venice is Far from Perfect In a perfect world, hatred would be without justice; love would be totally innocent. However, utopias like that are nonexistent; thus, one can easily look around, like Auden, and exclaim, "No hatred is totally without justification, no love is totally innocent." In The Merchant of Venice, there is an imperfect world, as well as a perfect world. The flawed world is the materialistic and bustling city of Venice. The impeccable world is the fairy-tale city of Belmont. Despite Belmont's perfection, a bit of justified hatred from Venice would ruin its innocence. (Paradise lost.) Alas, as Auden suggests, there are no utopias. In Venice, time is of the essence. If one were to momentarily forget the real world, one would be trampled down by its massive stampede of events, bonds, et cetera constantly being made, ubiquitously in its domain. Shylock and Antonio are just one pair of culprits adding to the ultimate imperfection of Venice. However, the bond made between Shylock and Antonio sets them completely apart from the normal villainy dealings, "If you repay me not on such a day... let the forfeit / Be nominated for an equal pound / Of your fair flesh, to be cut off and taken..." [Act 1, Scene 3]. A shrewd merchant, Antonio does not immediately agree to this. He first reasons it out: "Within these two months--that's a month before / This bond expires--I do expect return / Of thrice three times the value of this bond." [Act 1, Scene 3] If all goes well, our merchant of Venice would have no difficulties in paying Shylock back. However, not all goes well; a while after this bond, rumors on the Rialto suggest that Antonio has lost his fortunes at sea. With not enough wealth to compensate for his due payment, Antonio is now in danger of losing a pound of his flesh, which in those days meant almost certain death. In Belmont's high peak, secluded from the merchants of Venice, time is a silhouette of the real world. Portia sits there weary and bored, waiting for the brave suitor who would agree to risk all for her. She is the perfect woman, wrought of both intelligence and beauty; she is like a doll trapped in Wonderland. In addition to those materialistic qualities, she is also a faithful daughter. She dutifully holds true to her father's dying wish and allows her suitors to be chosen by a lottery system.

Elements of Religious Tradition

Elements of Religious Traditions Paper Defining a religion can be a difficult task and there is no simple definition that can completely describe it. Every culture and society has some form of religion and some maybe specific to that culture and not practiced anywhere else in the world (Fontaine, 2013; Molloy, 2010). The vast diversity of religious traditions can be discerned by examining their understanding of what is sacred. For example, many religions believe in a single deity that is held sacred.Other religious traditions do not place emphasis on deities, but believe that the world itself is the sacred (2010). In spite of this diversity, all religious traditions share broad components: what does a religious tradition communicate, how is it performed, and how is it organized. When a anthropologists and sociologist choose to study various religious traditions, they can encounter a number of issues that can impact their study, such as, incomplete religious texts, and traditions that are passed on orally (2010). Components of Religious TraditionsThe first component is what does a religious tradition communicate? These are the various teachings, texts, stories, and myths. Religious teachings are the ideas and principles passed on that describe core beliefs, values, morals, etc. of a religious tradition (Molloy, 2010). These can be expressed through stories or myths. Religious teachings can be passed orally between members or written in a scared text. Religious teachings attempt to communicate an understanding of the sacred within the tradition to its members.In Christian traditions, the basic ideas revolve around the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth. Jesus was the embodiment of the sacred within these traditions (Woodhead, 2009). For the Igbo people of Nigeria, there main beliefs involve the Earth as being sacred and that the world is comprised of a number of different realms (Molloy, 2010). These contrasting examples show the diverse nature of religious traditions and how they share the common component of what is communicated by a particular religious tradition. The second element is how a religious tradition is performed?This is accomplished through prayer, worship, the undertaking of a pilgrimage to a holy site, or the performance of a ritual. The specific ceremonies observed for a specific religious tradition is based on the religious teachings for that particular tradition. What all of these have in common is that each ceremony is meant to bring the individual closer to the sacred within reach tradition. For example, in Islamic traditions it is a worshiper’s duty to make a pilgrimage to Mecca (Brown, 2009). In Christian traditions, worshipers pray to Jesus in a church or throughout their day (Woodhead, 2009).In many Native American religious traditions, a rite of passage is preformed through a vision quest; where the individual attempts to find spiritual guidance and meaning (Molloy, 2010). All of these traditions attem pt to move the individual closer the sacred and attempt to connect in a meaningful way. The final aspect is how is a religious tradition organized. This describes the structure of it, for example, the leadership and how members relate to one another. Once again, this is based on that religious tradition’s teachings. The organization describes how members of the tradition relate to the sacred.Specifically, does an ordain individual need to act as an intermediate between the sacred and the individual or who are the individuals that decide what is considered sacred within a religious tradition. In many religious traditions, the priest, priestess, and other high religious figures are held with the highest regard (Molloy, 2010). In Catholicism, the Pope is viewed as the absolute head of that religious tradition and his word is essentially law (Balmer & Pullella, 2013). In a number of religious traditions, a shaman is viewed as a person with vast wisdom.He or she has the powers to communicate directly with the sacred and acts as an intermediate for various individuals (Molloy, 2010). In the ancient Greek tradition, the Oracle of Delphi was an important woman, individuals from all around the Greek world would come seeking her advice and to communicate with the Gods (Legon, 2013). Ultimately, an important component of a religious tradition is how it is organized. This organization has the important role of stating the power structure and how members can communicate with the sacred. Critical Issues in Religious StudiesThere are a number of different critical issues that one needs to consider when studying religious traditions. The first is that some religious texts might be incomplete or entirely missing (Molloy, 2010). This can be extremely troublesome when a person is attempting to understand a given tradition that might be lacking important components. For example, a sacred text written on a stone tablet might be missing large sections of the text, which coul d contain important rituals or principles for that tradition. This is extremely difficult with ancient religious traditions such as the Egyptian, Roman, and Greek traditions (2010).This leads into the second critical issue is that the religious tradition might not have a sacred text or any written record, because traditions, stories, and myths might be passed orally. This is extremely trouble some for many people studying religions (Molloy, 2010). For example, there might be a limited amount of individuals that have the traditions. This is the case with many Native American religious traditions, because members passed on these important teachings orally and may people have may stopped practicing.This can cause a religious tradition to be lost (2010). Also, oral traditions can be corrupted with time and might not resemble the original story that was originally told. A storyteller might change aspects or merge it with other stories from another religious tradition. All of these are im portant issues to consider when studying religious traditions. Conclusion In spite of this diversity, all religious traditions share several broad components: what does a religious tradition communicate, how is it performed, and how is it organized.Every religious tradition shares these common principles and this allows individuals the ability to understand each religious tradition and how they compare with one another. Also, studying religious traditions can have a number of critical issues that have to be addressed in order to full appreciate the vast collection of human religion. Reference Balmer, C. , & Pullella, P. (2013, March 14). New pope urges church to return to its gospel roots. Reuters. Retrieved from http://www. reuters. com/article/2013/03/14/us-pope-idUSBRE92D05P20130314 Brown, D. (2009).A new introduction to islam. (2nd ed. ). Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. Fontaine, C. R. (2013). Religion. In Public libraries. Retrieved from http://www. worldbookonline. com/pl/refere ncecenter/article? id=ar464360 Molloy, M. (2010). Experiencing the world’s religions: Traditions, challenged, and change (5th ed. ). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Woodhead, L. (2009). An introduction to christianity. Cambridge: University Press. Legon, R. P. (2013). Delphi. In Public Libraries. Retrieved from http://www. worldbookonline. com/pl/referencecenter/article? id=ar153420

Factors Affecting the Development of a Child

‘Neuroses are only acquired during early childhood even though their symptoms may not make their appearance until much later. The events of the first year are of paramount importance for a child’s whole subsequent life’. (Freud, 1902) Regardless of age, nationality, gender or ethnicity every human has something in common; we are all born as babies. This essay will examine and research factors in depth in order to simplify the complicated process of identifying key factors including scientific data as well as theories and methods derived from experts of different fields.A diverse view will be analysed of the developing process in order to understand the intricate events underlying these factors from the first beat of the heart to a moment by moment development and co-ordination of thousands of biological events of the nervous and endocrine systems of the new-born will also be monitored. Our research will engage in a holistic approach, reflecting on the nativism ver sus empiricism debate.After looking at a broad spectrum of topics, issues and views and their implications on certain theories and methodologies, this evidence will guide us to conclude a hypothesis on factors that relate to the effect of the development of a baby in its first year. Looking from an evolutionary perspective, biological explanations suggest that the bond of attachment occurs naturally as a result of innate urges on the part of their baby and their carer during a critical period (Bowlby).In support of this, Lorenz carried out an experiment on geese that had just hatched and been removed from their mothers, only for them to see humans and sure enough they imprinted the scientist instead of their mothers. Similarly, this lead Bowlby to hypothesize that both human infants and mothers has evolved an innate need made in an optimal time which propelled them towards their mothers. For this reason he also predicted that young children who do not experience a warm and continuin g attachment in the first year would fail to develop a healthy relationship in the future.In other words Bowlby claimed that ‘mother love in infancy is as important for mental health as are vitamins and proteins for physical health’. In contrast, a longitudinal study conducted on a large number of boy’s aged 9-12 years found quite a few who had been separated from their mothers as infants but seemed well adjusted as they entered adolescence (Rutter, 1933). However, causality is difficult to determine making it difficult to disentangle the effect of maternal separation on later behaviour as there may be other confounding factors that may contribute or even cause the final result.By far, the most critical blow to attachment theory comes from ‘reversal’ studies which show early disruption followed by complete recovery (Clarke and Clarke). Similarly, recent research has shown that babies are much more flexible and resilient than Bowlby thought and the bo nd between the mother and child is not irreplaceable or irreversible but babies are capable of forming attachments to several adults and have been revealed possible and successful e. g. adopted children (The Tizard study of adopted children).Still, much of this information is based on retrospective data and so may not be accurate in drawing firm conclusions to maternal attachment being an exclusive factor that can affect the development of babies in their first year of life. Additionally, the human givens approach also asserts the view that there are biological needs which when not met lead to severe distress in humans such as an infant growing up in a socially deprived environment.This has also been positively correlated to poorer health and thus weaker cognitive development in young children (DCSF, 2009) which may be because living in a low income household or deprived area makes it more likely that infants will be exposed to risk factors that affect their life chances for example domestic violence, smoking, illness, low aspirations etc. (SETF, 2008) and even poor nutrition. Like all mammals, humans obtain life-sustaining nourishment through suckling and throughout the history of the human species; the only or primary source of nourishment for infants was breast milk which has many virtues (Newman, 1995).Alongside it also involves the necessary skin-to skin contact from the mother which gives the baby a feeling of warmth and security as well as strengthening the infant’s immune system. In spite of this, the majority of infants are still formula-fed predominantly in undeveloped countries where poor, uneducated parents often dilute the formula in an effort to make the expensive powder last longer. As a result, in such circumstances the parent’s attempts to promote the health of their babies end up having the opposite effect (Popkin and Doan, 1990) with later development of inadequate growth and physical deficiencies.And although every individual has a ‘blueprint’ for growth, but realisation of this growth potential is only possible if nutrient supplies in childhood are adequate (Jackson, 1996). From this it could again be inferred that situational factors such as poverty also have a detrimental effect on childhood development which is why low birth weight is more likely in children from lower socio economic groups. This has been exemplified from the recent case of Humzah khan whose mother starved him in a cot for 21 months and was more concerned about feeding her alcohol addiction in place of her malnourished son.Although the health services were called they were turned away many times before the case was brought into global attention which points to the difficulty in gaining access to the private sphere of one’s home. On the whole, Statistics do highlight that children from low-income households are more likely to experience problems with nutrition leading to a negative influence on the mental well-bein g of children and in the long run may even lead to childhood obesity.Consequently, health economics even point to the bidirectionality of this relationship and propose that ‘poverty breeds ill-health, ill-health maintains poverty’ (Wagstaff, 2002). Furthermore, scientific evidence also illustrates that infants with vulnerable and stressful environments at home can lead to physical changes that affect a baby’s cognitive ability and performance of their brain in the first year of life (DCSF).Neuropsychologists demonstrate how the negative impact of stress sculpts the developing brain architecture by reducing the number of synapses in the prefrontal cortex and thus weakening the connections in neurones. Besides, other scientific research also explains that that excess amount of cortisol also has major toxic effects on a developing child as well as the ACE study pyramid which illustrates that certain experiences during a child’s first year of life are major ri sk factors for the leading cause of illness, trauma and even death in later life.Hence, this gives reason for us to believe how crucial the environment is as a factor that can affect the development of babies in their first year of life. However, unlike broken bones irreversible maldevelopment of brain areas mediating empathy resulting from emotional neglect in infancy is not readily available.On the other hand while rarely studied in humans the neurodevelopmental impact of sensory deprivation is the subject of hundreds of animal studies (Coleman and Riesin, 1968) although it could be argued that it is quite difficult to extrapolate the results from animals to human. Nevertheless, others counter argue that this is only done when it would be unethical to manipulate human lives due to practical and ethical reasons and even though caution is necessary in generalizing results from animals to people, similarities between species sometimes allow this to be done.Besides, case studies of hu mans e. g.  Genie Curtiss also emphasize the view that social deprivation and neglect does in fact influence later development who suffered from extreme privation since birth and even though she did later learn some language it was not deemed as ‘normal’ and so she never caught up developmentally. (Curtiss, 1977). Albeit, it was very detailed on the other hand critics have argued that it was only a case study and so cannot be generalised to the wider population.However, wider support and brain research have strengthened this study by using a triangulation of methods, thus making it more valid and less prone to doubt. Through these cases many policies were also implicated resulting in far-reaching changes for example through Bowlby’s maternal deprivation hypothesis practices were derived to avoid the unnecessary separation of children from their parents for example parents being encouraged to remain with their children in hospital and the provision of facilities for them to stay overnight (NCT policy).Likewise, other policies such as the Green paper: every child Matters (HM treasury, 2003) was published in response to the death of Victoria Climbie whose plight was ignored by 12 different professionals. In response the Green paper with its strong focus on better support for parenting and families starts with five overall aims for all children including being healthy (NHS reforms) and not being prevented by economic disadvantage from achieving their full potential (Dfes 2002).Therefore, it can be insinuated that the political factor is also dominant in the physical and emotional development of babies in the first year of life. In spite of this it is important to consider the continuous change in child culture particularly in the 21st century. Yet, this has also had many positive implications for example the newly emerging idea of babies as the ‘nation’s future’ led to a marked change in the level of influence the governme nt was now prepared to try to exert upon families thereby displaying a significant reduction in the number of infant mortality rates (Dwork, 1987).Moreover, the emergence and notion of a child-centred society set new laws including family allowances in 1945 for children in low income households as well as the reform of a national health service to create ‘comprehensive health and rehabilitation services for the prevention and cure of disease’ (1948). However, differences in broader culture means that not all countries have similar policies and practices particularly in collectivist cultures where children are seen as an economic liability (Greenfield, 1995).Nonetheless, todays interconnected society means that many agencies are now working together with a multi-agency approach based on an international level This reinforces the view that ecology, the environment and nurture shape the development of babies in their first year of life. in the same way empiricists have ins isted that at birth the mind is a blank slate a ‘tabula rasa’ and that all knowledge is created by experience (Locke, 1704). Conversely, within developmental psychology with the growth of new technology there is now a growing emphasis on ‘inborn biases’ or ‘constraints’ on development.So in essence, the baby is programmed with certain’ operating principles’ that govern the way they listen to and try to make sense out of the flow of sounds coming at them ( Slobin, 1985b). This is another reason why very young babies already seem to understand that objects will move downwards unless it encounters an obstacle (Spelke, 1991). Notwithstanding, current theorists do not propose that these built-in response patterns are the whole factors; rather they are the starting point.What then develops is a result of experience filtered through these initial biases; however those biases do constrain the developmental pathways that are possible (Camp bell and Bickhard, 1992). Likewise, the interactive approach to an infant’s development in the first year also states that Taking all the above mentioned into account this essay is lead to the conclusion that each factor is parallel and relative to one another and that the balance of biology and social expectations is different in different areas of an infant’s development.Moreover, it is inevitable that both aspects of nature and nurture work in a collaborative manner alongside an organic system that operates together which is why even in those areas of development that appear to be the most clearly biologically determined can only occur if the child is growing in an environment that falls within the range of sufficient environments. After all, Albert Einstein did claim that ‘all that is valuable in human society depends upon the opportunity for development accorded the individual’ (1950).

5 Nerdy Essay Writing Skills You Cant Get Away from

5 Nerdy Essay Writing Skills You Cant Get Away from 5 Nerdy Essay Writing Skills You Cant Get Away from Writing essay in college requires many essay writing skills, including those listed below. Using these tips and integrating these skills will help you achieve great things. Planning Ahead Although planning is a practical approach to time management, it is also important to take into account different ideas for making and keeping a sensible time schedule. In preparing your schedule, it is crucial to be detailed and explicit in how you intend to spend your time. If, for example, you intend to work on history questions, indicate ‘Page 14, review questions 1-10’ as opposed to simply stating ‘history questions’. Working in the Same Spot To train your body to settle and concentrate faster during your study time, study in a regular location. Use this place only to study so that your body naturally relates this location to the activity. Consider places that are serene and have the items that you would need to study e.g. computers. Avoid places that make you too comfortable to do any constructive work a bed or comfortable couch is probably not a good idea. It is better to find a location where you can sit straight at a desk. Reading Some reading assignments demand that you know the details of a specific segment of chapter. In these cases, you can get by with reading only these sections; read with a definite intention and take notes of key words, descriptions and any other relevant material that will help you to limit the amount of reading that you will do. Great English The subject of your sentence is the person, the place, or the thing that is acting. The object is the person, place or thing that is being acted upon. An adverb is designed to modify a verb, and it is easy to remember this because â€Å"verb† is in the name. An adjective is meant to modify a noun. So if someone asks you â€Å"how are you doing?† you should answer â€Å"I am doing poorly† or â€Å"I am doing well†, NOT â€Å"I am doing good†. The reason for this is that â€Å"to do† is a verb, so whatever you put after â€Å"doing† needs to be an adverb so that it can modify your verb. â€Å"Good† in this case is an adjective which does not belong here. If someone asks you â€Å"how are you?† you can say â€Å"I am good† because you are modifying yourself, or a noun. Concentrating on One Thing at a Time Be sure to concentrate on one activity at a time, giving your mind a more conducive working environment and guaranteeing that you work effectively. Allocate the most droning tasks first to work on them while your mind is still fresh. If you push these forward to a time when you are tired, you will likely be overwhelmed and give up, choosing instead to sleep or watch TV. Identify whether your peak study time is during the day or at night and organize your time accordingly. Overall, essay writing in college requires many skills, including those listed above. You can improve upon your writing style by following the tips or by hiring our custom essay writers online.

Joseph Marie Jacquard and the Jacquard Loom

Joseph Marie Jacquard and the Jacquard Loom Most people probably don’t think of weaving looms as a forerunner of computers. But thanks to French silk weaver Joseph Marie Jacquard, enhancements to automated weaving helped lead to the invention of computer punch cards and the advent of data processing. Jacquards Early Life Joseph Marie Jacquard was born in Lyon, France on the July 7th, 1752 to a master weaver and his wife. When Jacquard was 10 years old, his father died, and the boy inherited two looms, among other holdings. He went into business for himself and married a woman of some means. But his business failed and Jacquard was forced to become a limeburner at Bresse, while his wife supported herself at Lyon by plaiting straw.   In 1793, with the French Revolution well underway, Jacquard took part in the unsuccessful defense of Lyon against the troops of the Convention. Afterward, he served in their ranks on the Rhà ³ne and Loire. After seeing some active service, in which his young son was shot down at his side, Jacquard again returned to Lyon.   The Jacquard Loom Back in Lyon, Jacquard was employed in a factory and used his spare time in constructing his improved loom. In 1801, he exhibited his invention at the industrial exhibition at Paris, and in 1803 he was summoned to Paris to work for the Conservatoire des Arts et Mà ©tiers. A loom by Jacques de Vaucanson (1709- 1782), deposited there, suggested various improvements in his own, which he gradually perfected to its final state. Joseph Marie Jacquards invention was an attachment that sat on top of a loom. A series of cards with holes punched in them would rotate through the device. Each hole in the card corresponded with a specific hook on the loom, which served as a command to raise or lower the hook. The position of the hook dictated the pattern of raised and lowered threads, allowing textiles to repeat complex patterns with great speed and precision. Controversy and Legacy The invention was fiercely opposed by the silk-weavers, who feared that its introduction, owing to the saving of labor, would deprive them of their livelihood. However, the looms  advantages secured its general adoption, and by 1812 there were 11,000 looms in use in France. The loom was declared public property in 1806, and Jacquard was rewarded with a pension and a royalty on each machine.   Joseph Marie Jacquard died at Oullins (Rhà ³ne) on the 7th of August 1834, and six years later a statue was erected in his honor  at Lyon.

Health Care Reform (OBAMA) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Health Care Reform (OBAMA) - Essay Example These two bills were the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ObamaCare) that was signed into law by President Obama on March 23rd, 2010. The second bill was the Health care and Education Reconciliation Act, which was also signed into law by President Obama on March 30th, 2010. There are further reforms intended for the future and have been proposed including a reduction fee for service medical care and single payer system. This paper seeks to discuss the impact of the two-abovementioned legislations on healthcare on doctors, coverage, access, costs, employees and its impact on businesses. A major characteristic of ObamaCare is that it is primarily targeted at low and middle-income families and businesses. ObamaCare also contains some obstacles for high earners, larger firms that do not insure their employees and certain sectors of the healthcare industry (Carrigan 81). As with any other law, ObamaCare poses a lot of benefits and gains for the average American and little disad vantages. High-income earners might criticize ObamaCare and large corporation for targeting them in what might seem a witch-hunt against corporate America. However, this is in an effort to cushion the average American who is at disadvantage because of their meagre income and they cannot afford health insurance. As an insured adult with an uninsured 22-year-old child, the new healthcare reforms are an added advantage. This is because it increases access and coverage for healthcare insurance and increased the maximum age for coverage from 22 years to 26 years (Carrigan 77). Through ObamaCare, insured adults with uninsured young adults as dependants will experience extended covers for up to the age of 26 years of age for the dependants (Ciocchetti np). This will result in an 82% increase in the number of insured adults through the availability and accessibility of low cost insurance and the availability of free healthcare insurance for qualifying adults. This new legislation will see t o the introduction of new rights and protection characteristic of guaranteed coverage for pre-existing conditions and the elimination of gender discrimination in the health care system (Carrigan 80). Despite that fact that medical insurance premiums are set to be higher, the quality of medical insurance will be of guaranteed quality and standard for all registered individuals. Obamacare will make it possible for millions of people to access affordable and quality medical health insurance through the marketplace (Ciocchetti np). This will be a boost to low income earners who did not have access to health insurance because it was inaccessible. The cost of healthcare will increase because of the widened coverage criteria, which will result in higher premiums for some sections of society. The cost implications of the healthcare reform will not affect me because I belong to the category being shielded by the legislation. This will be through increased coverage and access. ObamaCare is bo und to have different impacts on employees and employers, with some benefiting more than others. Their employers guarantee them a mandatory coverage over the period of tenure as employees of any firm. Small and medium scale enterprises and businesses will get tax credits for up to 50% of their employees’ health care insurance premium costs (Carrigan 78). This will translate to better working conditions and

Interior Design Program Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Interior Design Program - Essay Example That is what people want; to adjust with environment. Adjustment takes place in two basic steps: one is judgment where one tries to inspect the level of satisfaction by comparison and another is selection which comes into mind if first one directs to do so. Fashionable clothes, jewelries, rich food etc are common example of this. But what about shelter All these luxurious wants go to slum if you don't have place to take deep breath. After daily hard work when we return home, we look for peace, relaxation and happiness. It's a place which refreshes our mind and gives us energy to face daily problems. So home also needs designing and proper arrangements with all facilities within that in order to bring ease and comfort in our life. This work can be beautifully done with help of interior designer. Nowadays Interior designer has more responsibilities, as everybody has different needs and level of satisfaction; and he needs to satisfy customers' thinking after maintaining his own constrai nts (budget, profit, house area etc...). Design is a term related to creativity. Interior design is a process to improve human interaction with the living environment. An interior designer is a qualified person who works on interior spaces to improve its quality and with a vision to enhance the lifestyle of human being, making it healthier and safer (Znoy, Jason A, 2004). It's not about profession and revenues; but the art reflects to his personal life too as society is not a group of families rather individuals! One dominating factor comes and that is financial effort. One designer will do the work for mankind but a large class of people is not in a position to adopt it. Here comes the challenge. What's that contribution where all are not getting the chance to feel pleasure So, design must be flexible and easily acceptable. Nowadays People misunderstand with the meaning of renovation. Many historical structures are being demolished and replaced by modern efficient high-rise buildings. Renovation is part of designing, but doesn't mean removing ancient things. Destruction is not the ultimate way to resolve problem. A doctor never hurts patient but fights against his diseases. Removing these structures, means rubbing out all the histories associated with them. So solution to this conflict between new needs and old culture is restoring and recycling, which bring to sustainability. Renovation needs new resources to replace old ones, but available resource cannot meet wants. In order to get a green country we have to give our hands together forgetting about me but not us. We should remember that child is a father of man. Future is unpredictable, but not impossible to visualize. Doing is believing and we have to believe in what we are doing. As Designing combines all different perspectives to bring out an innovation, teaching interior design and spreading knowledge is very important. Today's challenges are inspiration for designer to come up with solutions that can help the world. Conclusion It's the time now to think higher and dream bigger. We are those drops of rain which can flood the whole world. Interior design gives us the awareness of what is happening in the real life. The only thing that is

Industrial Relations Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Industrial Relations - Article Example In simple terms industrial relationships can be called multidisciplinary field that refers to the employment relationship. Sometimes it is also named employment relationship because of the negligible importance of non industrial employment relationship. But to consider it just as labor relations is an oversimplification because it has much more to it. Technically speaking Industrial relations defined in business terms as â€Å"Employer – employee relationships covered specifically under collective bargaining and industrial relations law.† ... hnically speaking Industrial relations defined in business terms as â€Å"Employer – employee relationships covered specifically under collective bargaining and industrial relations law.† Industrial relations not an outdated topic There are a number of researchers who assume that Industrial relations study has become obsolete and proposed closure of UK’s most study centers on the subject as (Darlington1 (ed.) (2009). They believe that academic industrial relations are obsolete and are no more required. It has been replaced and dealt better in newer subjects such as HRM, Human resource management and OB organizational behavior. These subjects deal with the human factor while industrial relations study focuses on the collective approach. Collective institutions and processes (trade unions, strike and collective bargaining. Three aspects of employment relationship Those who believe in industrial relation perspective identified three important aspects. They are as un der. (Trevor Colling, 2010) Indeterminacy Inequality of employment relationship Dynamism Indeterminacy Indeterminacy in the sense, that unlike other contracts it does not involve physical exchange of goods and services for money. But the contract is made on the basis of the capacity to perform and produce the desirable and the potential to purchase those goods services. In the labor contract a worker or employee only sells his ability to work which is intangible which can only be materialized when the actual work is done and the worker is involved in the production process. A gap can exist between the perceived, expectation standard of performance and the actual one. Inequality of employment relationship Inequality exists in the relationship between the employee and employer. An employee is not usually in

Art & Literature Have No Place in the Modern World Essay Example for Free

Art Literature Have No Place in the Modern World Essay Creating and expressing ones self through various media, such as art and literature, has been a desire of mankind since the beginning of time. Art form and literature has been used to express mankinds deepest observations, most profound thinking and firmest beliefs; it encompasses many genres such as paintings,drama, poetry and novels. While both the physical arts and literature are a form of self-expression, each also represents a profession. It enriches the necessary competencies that daily life requires and provides; and in this respect, it irrigates the deserts that our lives have already become. This adage is perhaps the most appropriate description of the importance of literature in our lives. As Amy Lowell quotes, ’Art is the desire of a man to express himself, to record the reactions of his personality to the world he lives in. ’ When we look around us, we see a lot of things that relate to art.. , contain art.. , are art.. and shows art.. Art is everywhere because people need to use it for daily uses. Art can come in the form of many things, including posters, murals, portraits, covers, paintings and more. This is enough to show how art and literature are blended into our lives. Music, paintings, sculptures, epics, fictions, movies, stories†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. and so on and so forth are all a part of us. Is there a home in this modern world without a painting on the wall or a deck which doesn’t hum their favourite tune or a rack with Fredrick Forsyth or James Hadley Chase novels? Even a child of this generation has his ears plugged all the time either listening to a soulful raga or a foot tapping Michael Jackson and reading either a religious book or a comic or an encyclopedia†¦. this is the common usage of art and literature. Art can also be used to liven up things in this world. It may not have a specific idea or meaning but it can be used to make things look better and more complete. When you write a project, it looks dull just with words, but when you add a picture or two to it, it looks much better because now there is visual aid. Art is found everywhere, including parks, school, malls,homes†¦ and is used just to make the place more comfortable and appealing to the eye. It can sometimes act as filler because it looks better than to just leave something on its own. It is through reading great literary and poetic works, that one understands life. They help a person take a closer look at the different facets of life. In many ways, it can change ones perspective towards life. Lives of brilliant achievers and individuals who have made a valuable contribution to society, are sketched in their biographies. These works give the readers an insight into the lives of these eminent people and sometimes help people change for the good. Friends, don’t you agree that Art and literature are great tools for learning. They can be found almost everywhere where there is a school. They are important because of what they can be used for. It is fun and acts as an interactive tool for learners who learn to appreciate art and literature for what it can do for them. In the process, people can learn a lot. Sometimes, art and writing go hand in hand. Art and literature serves as an enormous information base. Many people depend on art and literature. People who draw and write are not the only people who use and make money out of it. People who are book publishers, magazine editors, newspaper people, painters, actors all need to use art to supplement their work. Art and literature are used by some people directly andsome indirectly. People can choose to make a profession out of this because it is fun for them; it is something that they like to do, and more. Hence I strongly believe that we had art and literature in our blood since ages and is still used and appreciated by us in different forms in the modern world. There is not even a single person in this room who doesn’t love music or reading!